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References


Thank you so much to all of the people who contributed to the information on these sources I've listed below. Without your research and expertise, this site would not have been possible.


[1] UNHCR. Global Trends Forced Displacement in 2020. UNHCR, 2020. UNHCR The UN Refugee Agency. https://www.unhcr.org/pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2021/06/2020-global-trends.pdf.


[2] U.S. Department of Homeland Security. “Refugees and Asylees.” Department of Homeland Security, 22 Oct. 2020, www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/refugees-asylees.


[3] US Census Bureau. “First-Ever Census Bureau Report Highlights Growing Childless Older Adult Population.” Census.Gov, 8 Oct. 2021, www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/childless-older-adult-population.html.


[4] Narea, Nicole. “How Immigration Could Solve America’s Population Growth Problem.” Vox, 6 May 2021, www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22411236/immigration-census-population-growth.


[5] Brown, Theresa C., et al. “Immigration’s Effect on the Social Security System.” Bipartisan Policy Center, Nov. 2018, bipartisanpolicy.org/download/?file=/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Immigrations-Effect-on-the-Social-Security-System.pdf.


[6] Ivanova, Irina. “Immigrants’ Impact on the U.S. Economy in 7 Charts.” CBS News, 10 Feb. 2017, www.cbsnews.com/news/immigrants-impact-on-the-u-s-economy-in-7-charts.


[7] Anderson, Stuart. “Evidence Mounts That Reducing Immigration Harms America’s Economy.” Forbes, 1 Apr. 2021, www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2021/04/01/evidence-mounts-that-reducing-immigration-harms-americas-economy/


[8] International Rescue Committee (IRC). “IRC: Internal Displacement in Afghanistan Has Soared by 73% since June.” International Rescue Committee (IRC), 27 Aug. 2021, www.rescue.org/press-release/irc-internal-displacement-afghanistan-has-soared-73-june.


[9] Yale-Loehr, Steve. “Undocumented Immigrants Pay More Taxes than President Trump | Cornell Chronicle.” Cornell University, 28 Sept. 2020, news.cornell.edu/media-relations/tip-sheets/undocumented-immigrants-pay-more-taxes-president-trump.


[10] Buchholz, Katharina. “Immigration Plays Bigger Role for U.S. Population Growth.” Statista Infographics, 3 Dec. 2019, www.statista.com/chart/20183/us-population-growth-shares-births-immigration.


[11] Schmidt, Purvi Sevak And Lucie. “PERSPECTIVES: Immigrants and Retirement Resources.” Social Security Administration Research, Statistics, and Policy Analysis, 1 Feb. 2014, www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v74n1/v74n1p27.html.


[12] Cortes, Kalena E. “Are Refugees Different from Economic Immigrants? Some Empirical Evidence on the Heterogeneity of Immigrant Groups in the United States.” Review of Economics and Statistics, vol. 86, no. 2, 2004, pp. 465–80. Crossref, doi:10.1162/003465304323031058. https://ftp.iza.org/dp1063.pdf


[13] Gunn, Dwyer. “More Research Finds That Immigrants Increase Economic Growth.” Pacific Standard, 9 Oct. 2018, psmag.com/social-justice/more-research-finds-that-immigrants-increase-economic-growth.


[14] Jordan, Miriam. “Children From Immigrant Families Are Increasingly the Face of Higher Education.” The New York Times, 3 Nov. 2020, www.nytimes.com/2020/10/15/us/immigrant-families-students-college.html.


[15] National Immigration Forum. “Immigrants as Economic Contributors: Immigrant Tax Contributions and Spending Power.” National Immigration Forum, 5 Nov. 2018, immigrationforum.org/article/immigrants-as-economic-contributors-immigrant-tax-contributions-and-spending-power.


[16] Office To Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. “2021 Trafficking in Persons Report: Eritrea.” United States Department of State, 5 Aug. 2021, www.state.gov/reports/2021-trafficking-in-persons-report/eritrea.


[17] Office To Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. “2020 Trafficking in Persons Report: Central African Republic.” United States Department of State, 1 Dec. 2020, www.state.gov/reports/2020-trafficking-in-persons-report/central-african-republic.


[18] United Nations. “Central African Republic: 200,000 Displaced in Less than Two Months.” UN News, 1 Feb. 2021, news.un.org/en/story/2021/01/1083332.


[19] Al Jazeera. “Eritrean Students Forced into Indefinite Military, Govt Jobs: HRW.” Human Rights News | Al Jazeera, 9 Aug. 2019, www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/8/9/eritrean-students-forced-into-indefinite-military-govt-jobs-hrw.


[20] Beaumont, Peter, and Hannah Ellis-Petersen. “Afghanistan Reports of Torture and Killing Contradict Taliban’s Promises.” The Guardian, 21 Aug. 2021, www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/20/afghanistan-reports-of-torture-and-killing-contradict-taliban-promises.


[21] Human Development Report Office 2020. “| Human Development Index Reports.” United Nations Development Programme, 2020, hdr.undp.org/en/composite/HDI.


[22] Amnesty International. “Amnesty International Report 2020/2021.” Amnesty.Org, 4 July 2021, www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/POL1032022021ENGLISH.pdf.


[23] BBC News. “Eritrea - Where ATMs Are Unknown and Sim Cards Are like Gold Dust.” BBC News, 15 Oct. 2019, www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-49727573.


[24] Human Rights Watch. World Report 2021. Amsterdam, Netherlands, Amsterdam University Press, 2021. https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media_2021/01/2021_hrw_world_report.pdf. PDF file.


[25] Peterman, Amber, et al. “Estimates and Determinants of Sexual Violence Against Women in the Democratic Republic of Congo.” American Journal of Public Health, vol. 101, no. 6, 2011, pp. 1060–67. Crossref, doi:10.2105/ajph.2010.300070. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3093289/.


[26] United Nations. “‘Wake-up Call’ to Assist DR Congo Battle Food Insecurity.” UN News, 11 Nov. 2021, news.un.org/en/story/2021/11/1105472.


[27] Goldman, Russell. “Myanmar Coup: What to Know About the Protests and Unrest.” The New York Times, 26 Oct. 2021, www.nytimes.com/article/myanmar-news-protests-coup.html.


[28] Hirt, Nicole. “The Eritrean Diaspora and Its Impact on Regime Stability: Responses to UN Sanctions.” African Affairs, vol. 114, no. 454, 2014, pp. 115–35. Crossref, doi:10.1093/afraf/adu061. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272926040_The_Eritrean_diaspora_and_its_impact_on_regime_stability_Responses_to_UN_sanctions


[29] Hirt, Nicole, and Abdulkader Saleh Mohammad. “By Way of Patriotism, Coercion, or Instrumentalization: How the Eritrean Regime Makes Use of the Diaspora to Stabilize Its Rule.” Globalizations, vol. 15, no. 2, 2017, pp. 232–47. Crossref, doi:10.1080/14747731.2017.1294752. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14747731.2017.1294752


[30] Rannard, Georgina and Webster, Eve. “Leopold II: Belgium ‘wakes up’ to Its Bloody Colonial Past.” BBC News, 13 June 2020, www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53017188.


[31] Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges. “Patrice Lumumba: The Most Important Assassination of the 20th Century.” The Guardian, 15 Oct. 2020,  www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/jan/17/patrice-lumumba-50th-anniversary-assassination.


[32] News Desk. “A Historical Timeline of Afghanistan.” PBS NewsHour, 31 Aug. 2021, www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/asia-jan-june11-timeline-afghanistan.


[33] Devictor, Xavier. “2019 Update: How Long Do Refugees Stay in Exile? To Find out, Beware of Averages.” World Bank Blogs, 9 Dec. 2019, blogs.worldbank.org/dev4peace/2019-update-how-long-do-refugees-stay-exile-find-out-beware-averages.


[34] The Independent. “Turkish Border Guards Are Shooting Syrian Refugees Fleeing War, Says Human Rights Watch.” The Independent, 4 Feb. 2018, www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/turkish-border-police-shoot-syria-refugee-asylum-seeker-a8193276.html.


[35] TRAC Reports. “Asylum Denial Rates Continue to Climb.” Syracuse University, 28 Oct. 2020, trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/630.


[36] Araujo, Juliana De Oliveira, et al. “Prevalence of Sexual Violence among Refugees: A Systematic Review.” Revista de Saúde Pública, vol. 53, 2019, p. 78. Crossref, doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001081. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6752644/


[37] Médecins Sans Frontières. “Dying to Reach Europe: Eritreans in Search of Safety.” Doctorswithoutborders.Org, Médecins Sans Frontières, 2017, doctorswithoutborders.org/sites/default/files/2018-08/report_dying_to_reach_europe.pdf


[38] Statista. “Deaths of Migrants in the Mediterranean Sea 2014–2021.” Statista, 17 Sept. 2021, www.statista.com/statistics/1082077/deaths-of-migrants-in-the-mediterranean-sea.


[39] International Organization for Migration (IOM). “International Organization for Migration.” Missing Migrants, 11 Nov. 2021, missingmigrants.iom.int.


[40] Melzer, Chris. “Syrian Teen in Germany Reunites with Family after Years Apart.” United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 26 July 2018, www.unhcr.org/en-us/news/stories/2018/7/5b1e3ded4/syrian-teen-germany-reunites-family-years-apart.html


[41] Murray, Christine. “Migrants Raped and Trafficked as U.S. and Mexico Tighten Borders, Charity Says.” Reuters, 11 Feb. 2020, www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-migrants-trafficking/migrants-raped-and-trafficked-as-u-s-and-mexico-tighten-borders-charity-says-idUSKBN2052B1.


[42] World Bank Group. “GDP (Current US$) - World | Data.” World Bank, data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=1W. Accessed 16 Nov. 2021.


[43] World Bank Group. “GDP per Capita (Current US$) | Data.” World Bank, data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Accessed 16 Nov. 2021.


[44] Williams, Evan. “The ‘North Korea of Africa’: Going Undercover in the Prisons of Eritrea.” Inews.Co.Uk, 15 June 2021, inews.co.uk/news/world/channel-4-dispatches-eritrea-undercover-in-africas-secret-state-1051575.


[45]  Dr. Hogendoorn, EJ, and International Crisis Group. “Somalia’s Current Security and Stability Status - Somalia.” ReliefWeb, International Crisis Group, 16 July 2020, reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-s-current-security-and-stability-status.


[46]  Department of Labor. “Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - Somalia | U.S. Department of Labor.” Department of Labor, 2021, www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/somalia.


[47] Human Rights Watch. “World Report 2021: Rights Trends in Sudan.” Human Rights Watch, 13 Jan. 2021, www.hrw.org/world-report/2021/country-chapters/sudan.


[48] U.S. Census Bureau. “Shift in Working-Age Population Relative to Older and Younger Americans.” Census.Gov, 8 Oct. 2021, www.census.gov/library/stories/2020/06/working-age-population-not-keeping-pace-with-growth-in-older-americans.html.


[49] Associated Press. “Labor Agency Chief Says Germany Needs More Immigrants.” AP NEWS, 24 Aug. 2021, apnews.com/article/europe-business-germany-immigration-migration-066b67d8f256f64f781793d9ea659c59.


[50] New American Economy. “From Struggle to Resilience: The Economic Impact of Refugees in America.” New American Economy, June 2017, www.newamericaneconomy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/NAE_Refugees_V5.pdf.


[51] National Science Board. “Report - S&E Indicators 2018 | NSF - National Science Foundation.” National Science Foundation, 2019, https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2018/nsb20181/report/sections/science-and-engineering-labor-force/immigration-and-the-s-e-workforce.


[52] FWD. “Immigration Facts: The Positive Economic Impact Of Immigration.” FWD.Us, 16 June 2021, https://www.fwd.us/news/immigration-facts-the-positive-economic-impact-of-immigration.


[53]  Hathaway, Ian. “Almost Half of Fortune 500 Companies Were Founded by American Immigrants or Their Children.” Brookings, 4 Dec. 2017, www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2017/12/04/almost-half-of-fortune-500-companies-were-founded-by-american-immigrants-or-their-children.


[54]  Einashe, Ismail. “Nearly 17 Child Migrants a Day Vanished in Europe since 2018.” The Guardian, 23 Apr. 2021, www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/apr/21/nearly-17-child-migrants-a-day-vanished-in-europe-since-2018.


[55]  Damon, Matt. “Actor Matt Damon Offers the 2016 MIT Commencement Address.” YouTube, uploaded by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 6 June 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=vj-cK_KfjsI&t=416s.


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